Tag Archives: crime

Mitigating the Risks of Artificial Intelligence in the Creation of Misleading and Harmful Content

Reading Time: 3 minutes

With the development of artificial intelligence, tools have emerged that are dangerous for everyone by spreading misinformation and false materials. They can destroy our reputation and the mental health of many people. Therefore, we should be aware of them and know how to fight them. Despite the many positive aspects that artificial intelligence brings, today I will describe one aspect from the negative side and how we can avoid it.

A huge threat of artificial intelligence is the creation of pornographic materials. Although such applications themselves are not illegal, it depends on how they are used. In Poland, it is a crime to violate personal rights, i.e., when a user uses the generated materials without the consent and agreement of the person depicted in these materials. The problem is very serious and affects both adults and minors.

Generating fictional photos or videos is not a challenge today. Anyone with internet access can use such a service, which on most platforms is free and is done within seconds. This creates a particular danger for minors. There have already been cases in Spanish schools where classmates shared photos of their classmates through social media. It is important to remember the serious psychological consequences this can have for the victim, as well as legal consequences. The creation of pedophilic content has never been as easy as it is today. Such crimes should be quickly detected and severely punished. Especially at this age, the psychological damage can be very dangerous and leave a mark for life.

Although for adults, such crimes can also be very dangerous. One example is blackmail. My acquaintance met someone through an online platform, with whom he maintained internet contact, and until the moment he was to send his photo to show what he looks like, everything looked like the beginning of an acquaintance between two people. Unfortunately, as soon as he sent his normal photos, the other person turned out to be a fraudster who altered his photos into pornographic ones and demanded money with the threat of sharing these photos with his acquaintances. The problem was that he had colleagues among his acquaintances, and such false accusations could have destroyed his professional reputation. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of such tools, and his explanations would not be credible, and he was aware of this, so he sent money to the scammer, who did not stop at one attempt to extort money. Until he blocked this person, he made several transfers and still lived in fear that his reputation would be destroyed. In his case, he only lost money and it did not end with worse consequences. Law enforcement could not help him either, as they could not find the perpetrator of the crime.

When it comes to public figures or those performing important functions in our society, the consequences of such actions can be immense.

There have already been cases where porn stars have been generated by artificial intelligence, and such materials have been sold on various platforms such as Reddit. Due to such actions, verification with an ID card was introduced, but the question is that with the development of technology, it will be possible to cheat verification methods as we have in the banking sector. In this case, it was a character generated by artificial intelligence, but we must also remember about stalkers who could use publicly available photos of people and reap benefits without the knowledge of these people. Verification safeguards are an obstacle for such people, but we must also remember that it is not a barrier that cannot be broken.

In my opinion, the operation of such applications should not be allowed, but we must also remember about the constitutional rights of human freedom. The fight against such tools is and will be very difficult, which is why we should already develop laws and methods to fight this. Certainly, educating people will help increase awareness of this issue and make people realize that not everything seen on the internet can be believed. On the other hand, all materials generated by artificial intelligence have common features, so other artificial intelligence tools can be used to verify the authenticity of shared materials. Additionally, the European Commission should implement regulations ensuring user safety by monitoring such sites, where mandatory verification and the possibility of editing only their own photos are required.

Unfortunately, there are no perfect things and thanks to the development of artificial intelligence, which has many positive sides, we must also be aware of these negative aspects, but if we prepare in advance, we can mitigate the negatives.

https://cyfrowa.rp.pl/technologie/art38354941-sztuczna-inteligencja-stworzyla-gwiazde-porno-internauci-wierzyli-i-placili

https://www.forbes.pl/life/pornografia-tworzona-przez-ai-gdyby-te-zdjecia-byly-prawdziwe-bylyby-dziecieca/krllqm3

https://antyweb.pl/ai-zmieni-branze-porno-modelki-stana-sie-zbedne

https://oiot.pl/pornografia-deepfake-sztuczna-inteligencja-algorytmy-ai/

https://www.euractiv.pl/section/praca-i-polityka-spoleczna/news/pornografia-tworzona-przy-pomocy-ai-co-za-to-grozi/

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Is DNA phenotyping the future of solving crime cases?

Reading Time: 3 minutesImagine a perfect crime – without any witnesses, circumstantial evidence or suspects. The only thing that remains after the offence is a single drop of blood or tiny piece of epidermis. Such a case seems impossible to be solved, doesn’t it? It turns out, however, that thanks to cutting-edge technology, from now on police is able to identify the perpetrators’ appearance just by obtaining a small amount of their DNA.

 

DNA phenotyping has already helped to solve many old cases, which on the face of it, seemed completely hopeless and started to fall into oblivion. But what exactly is this DNA phenotyping? This pioneering technology extracts from a sample of our DNA certain genes that are responsible for how we look and enables to create a possible outline of the offender’s appearance. Although it seems almost idyllic, it is a sketch with possible features, which if incorrectly interpreted, may lead to accusations of innocent people.

Dr. Moses Schanfield, a forensic scientist and DNA expert says:

“You’re not going to get a precise answer. It’s not like a DNA profile that the likelihood of a coincidental match is 10-to-the-negative-15th. You’re going to get a generic picture.”

 

A company that offers the above-mentioned DNA technology, Parabon Nanolabs, has been working with law enforcement since 2015. They have developed a sophisticated software capable of unlocking information contained in DNA left at a crime scene, called “Snapshot”. Records show that since 2011, the Department of Defense has poured more than $1 million into Parabon to develop Snapshot. Generating a sketch of a potential offender costs almost $3,000 per composite image and the service  has already assisted in over 40 cases. What makes it innovative and exceptional is that there is no need for a previously created list of suspects or any database. The only crucial thing is a piece of DNA.

Nevertheless, there are many opponents of such technological development. Many claim that this can lead to reinforcing racial bias or establishing probable cause against innocent people, ensnaring them in criminal investigations. What is more, as this is a new technology, it is not known what accuracy the system is getting, how well it can assess. Exposing the algorithm that is not thoroughly tested to a widespread use can lead to many harm and misleading decisions. I personally think that until the system’s infallibility is proven, appearance sketches can be used as an aid and guidance to the police, but not the main source of proof. Moreover, as far as I am concerned this technology should be covered by legal regulations and strictly enforced so as not to lead to its abuse and usage  for improper and immoral purposes.

 

Another question however, is whether society is ready for this kind of progress? Is obtaining DNA from blood found outside of someone’s home isn’t that different from getting DNA from a discarded cigarette butt or coffee cup? This DNA development undoubtedly is going to grow faster and faster now, are we ready to enter the future?

 

References:

https://www.circa.com/story/2018/11/29/nation/dna-technology-can-create-unbelievable-suspect-sketches-heres-why-that-should-scare-you

https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/30/tech/dna-cold-cases-technology/index.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln-1-WysCbw

https://anthropology.columbian.gwu.edu/moses-schanfield

 

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Alexa, a witness of a murder?

Reading Time: 2 minutes

Echo speaker

Since the release of Amazon Alexa in 2014 there have been many controversies regarding the amount of data that the speaker is collecting at all times. The way it works is that the Echo device is designed to detect “wake words” and only then start working. However, there were a lot of cases when Alexa actually recorded more than the user would expect. Echo can sometimes misinterpret the “wake words” or other commands and start listening and recording even when a user does not intend to record.

Court cases

Even though this is something that should not happen at all, the New Hampshire authorities investigating the murders of two women still want to check. A judge ruled that they can examine recordings from the Echo device because they believe that there might be evidence related to the crime. Investigators believe that Echo could have recorded the attack and the events that followed it.

Last year, when the similar case occurred in Arkansas, the suspect who owned the speaker agreed to release recording from the day of the suspected crime. In the end, a murder charge was dropped.

Is our privacy at stake?

Though these recordings might be beneficial in such cases, we have to think about the amount of information we are giving away to large corporations. Should we question our actual privacy, or should we believe that our recordings are in good, safe hands? Using Alexa you can do almost anything, from ordering food to your home address, to checking your bank account. While at a time it is very convenient, we need to keep in mind that such devices are always listening and gathering all kinds of personal data from the user.

It all comes to personal preferences and the ability to adapt to the actual changes. In the modern world the word “privacy” almost lost its meaning. Every device that you own collects information. About you, your data usage, your shopping preferences and so on. There is almost nothing you can do about it, since this is the life that we have now. This data can be used in many different ways, from personalized ads to such things like winning presidential campaigns. In most of the cases it won’t affect you that much, however, it is worth imagining what could be done with the information that is being collected about you. Who knows, maybe one day you say something that you would like to buy around Echo speaker and a couple of days you will see ads about this on Amazon.

Sources:

  1. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-echo-judge-orders-company-produce-alexa-recordings-double-murder-case-2018-11-12/
  2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-alexa/oregon-family-finds-amazons-alexa-has-a-mind-of-her-own-idUSKCN1IQ05B
  3. https://www.bestvpn.com/privacy-news/is-alexa-listening-to-you/
  4. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/07/tech/amazon-echo-alexa-bentonville-arkansas-murder-case/index.html
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