Tag Archives: science

Introducing Coscientist: The AI Chemist That Thinks Like a Scientist.

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IMAGE CREDITS: GENCRAFT.COM

Have you ever wanted to collaborate with an artificial intelligence on a complex chemistry problem? Well, now you can. Meet Coscientist, the Al chemist that thinks like a scientist. Coscientist is an Al system developed by Anthropic PBC to work alongside human scientists as a partner in the lab. Unlike other Al tools that simply make predictions or recommendations, Coscientist reasons about chemistry like an expert scientist would. It forms hypotheses, designs experiments, analyzes data, and draws conclusions – just like you learned to do getting your chemistry degree. The best part is Coscientist never gets tired or bored of repetitive tasks and can work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you’ve been dreaming of accelerating your research with the help of Al, your wish just came true. Say hello to your new lab partner, Coscientist.

Coscientist: An Al That Can Plan and Execute Chemical Reactions

Coscientist is an Al system developed by Anthropic PBC to plan and execute chemical reactions. Unlike other Al chemists, Coscientist was designed to think like a human scientist. It can understand the theory behind reactions and apply that knowledge to synthesize new molecules.

How Coscientist Works

Coscientist starts by studying thousands of known chemical reactions to understand patterns in how molecules are transformed. It identifies key properties of reactants and products, as well as the conditions needed for a reaction to occur. Coscientist then uses this knowledge to hypothesize how new molecules might be constructed through a series of feasible reactions.

Unlike rule-based expert systems, Coscientist has a “chemical intuition” that allows it to make educated guesses in the absence of complete data. It can propose reaction pathways that have a high likelihood of success based on its broad understanding of reactivity principles in organic chemistry. However, Coscientist is still limited to reactions that follow the rules of valence and molecular geometry. It cannot perform or suggest anything physically impossible.

Coscientist represents an exciting step toward automated molecular design. In the future, Al systems like Coscientist could help chemists discover or improve reactions faster and more efficiently. Coscientist could suggest pathways to create complex molecules that would otherwise take humans a long time to figure out. The key is that Coscientist provides options and explanations for its suggestions so chemists can evaluate the plausibility themselves based on their own expertise. A collaboration between human and Al will achieve far more than either could alone.

How Coscientist Learned Nobel Prize Chemistry in Minutes

Coscientist, the Al chemist, learned the discoveries and developments behind 115 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry in just minutes. By analyzing over a century’s worth of Nobel laureates and their groundbreaking work, Coscientist gained an understanding of chemistry that would normally take decades for humans to learn.

How did Coscientist do it?

Coscientist studied the key discoveries, theories, and techniques that led to each Nobel Prize by reading scientific papers, biographies, and summaries of the laureates’ work. Using its natural language processing abilities, Coscientist identified the most important concepts, relationships, and insights to build a broad and deep knowledge of chemistry:

Some of the major areas Coscientist focused on include:

  • Quantum theory and quantum dots
  • Chemical synthesis and new compounds
  • Molecular biology and protein research
  • Spectroscopy for analyzing molecular structures
  • Electron microscopy for viewing individual atoms

In just a short time, Coscientist gained an understanding of chemistry that rivals that of an expert with years of study and practice. But Coscientist’s knowledge comes with some key advantages. As an Al system, Coscientist can instantly recall any of the details it has learned and connect concepts across domains in new ways. Coscientist also continues to expand and improve its knowledge over time based on the latest scientific discoveries and breakthroughs.

While Coscientist has learned a huge amount about the key discoveries and theories in chemistry from the Nobel laureates, it still requires human guidance to apply that knowledge to new problems or areas of research. But by collaborating with people, Coscientist has the potential to accelerate the pace of scientific progress and open up new possibilities for innovation. This partnership between human and Al could lead to the next era of groundbreaking discoveries in chemistry.

Al as a Collaborator

Al won’t replace human scientists but will augment and enhance their work. Al systems can analyze huge amounts of data to detect patterns that would be impossible for humans to find. They can also suggest hypotheses, experimental designs, and interpret results. Scientists and Al will collaborate, with each playing to their strengths. This human-Al partnership will vastly improve the rate and impact of scientific progress.

Democratizing Discovery

Al has the potential to democratize science by making advanced tools more accessible. Not every lab has access to expensive equipment and resources. Al can help level the playing field by enabling more scientists to participate in discovery and innovation regardless of their funding or background.

Solving Complex Problems

Some of the biggest scientific challenges involve highly complex systems with many interacting parts, like modeling the human brain or understanding climate change. Al is uniquely suited to help solve these kinds of problems. Al can analyze data from many domains to find connections and insights that lead to breakthroughs. This could accelerate progress on some of the most pressing and important scientific questions of our time.

The role of Al in science is still emerging but its potential is enormous. Al will become an increasingly invaluable partner to scientists, enabling discoveries that transform our world for the better. The future of Al in scientific discovery is an exciting prospect, and the future is now. Scientists, get ready to start collaborating!

Conclusion

So there you have it, the future of chemistry is here and its name is Coscientist.

With this Al system that can think creatively and scientifically just like humans, we’re entering an exciting new era of accelerated materials discovery. Instead of spending years testing different chemical combinations, Coscientist can run through thousands of experiments in a matter of days to find solutions you never imagined. While artificial intelligence won’t replace scientists anytime soon, tools like Coscientist will help expand our knowledge in ways we never thought possible. The future’s looking bright for chemistry and for humanity as a whole. The age of Al is here, and it’s ready to get to work solving our biggest challenges.

Links worth visiting:

How artificial intelligence can revolutionise science?

AI in chemistry

Role of artificial intelligence in chemistry

Sources:

The article was written usings Hypotenuse AI and is based on a ScienceDaily article.

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One of the most powerful supercomputers will be in Poland

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One of the most powerful supercomputers in the world will be installed in Krakow by the end of next year. The Academic Computer Center CYFRONET AGH has been selected by the European Joint Undertaking in the field of Large Scale Computing (EuroHPC JU) as one of 5 places in Europe where computers forming a pan-European data processing network will be installed, according to Cyfronet.pl:
“Poland is one of the 5 EU countries selected for the installation of a new generation supercomputing system – the machine will be delivered to ACK Cyfronet AGH”

The most powerful computer in the network will be JUPITER. It is the first exascale system in Europe – that is, it performs over 1018 floating point operations per second. It will be installed at the Jülich Supercomputing Center in Germany. The other four machines are DAEDALUS, which will be delivered to Greece, LEVENTE (Hungary), CASPIr (Ireland) and EHPCPL in Krakow.

Currently, Cyfronet has the most powerful supercomputer in Poland, Athena. The machine with the power of 5.05 PFlop is on the 105th position on the list of 500 most efficient supercomputers in the world and is one of the 5 Polish supercomputers listed there. It is known that the EHPCPL will be several times more efficient than Athena.

The goal of EuroHPC JU is to create one of the most powerful supercomputing infrastructures in the world in Europe. There are already LUMI (151.9 PFlop / s) machines in operation in Finland, MeluXina (10.52 PFlop / s) in Luxembourg, Karolina (6.75 PFlop / s) in the Czech Republic, Discoverer (4.52 PFlop / s) ) in Bulgaria and Vega (3.82 PFlop / s) in Slovenia. Also under construction are LEONARDO (Italy), Deucalion (Portugal) and MareNostrum 5 (Spain). The Finnish LUMI is the 3rd most powerful supercomputer in the world and the 3rd most energy efficient computer in the world. Poland Athena ranks high, 9th on the list of the most energy-efficient computers in the world.

“The selection of Poland as the place of installation of one of the EuroHPC JU systems is an important distinction, confirming the national competence in the field of maintenance and operational use of supercomputers at the world level.”

References:
https://www.cyfronet.pl/aktualnosci_i_wydarzenia/19029,3,komunikat,polska_jednym_z_5__panstw_ue_wybranych_do_instalacji_systemu_superkomputerowego_nowej_generacji____maszyna_stanie_w_ack_cyfronet_agh.html

https://eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/eurohpc-joint-undertaking-announces-five-sites-host-new-world-class-supercomputers-2022-06-15_en

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Subsea Internet Cables Could Detect Earthquakes

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The UK’s National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and their partners say that the cables could be used as deep sea scientific sensors, helping to sense earthquakes, tsunamis, or see how climate change alters the currents.

Fibre-optic cable

This has already been tested by scientists through the use of a cable connecting the UK and Canada. This is being tested because installing sensors to monitor the ocean floor can be very costly and very difficult, and for that reason only very few of such sensors exist. Using subsea internet cables would be more cost effective.

Theres an estimated 430 of these cables, spanning over 800,000 miles, providing good coverage from country to country. Vibration, pressure, and temperature changes can slightly affect the speed that the light is travelling through these cables, which could be detected. As scientists could detect waves through the link from the UK to Canada, the same same could be done for the other cables around the world, providing a great coverage of underwater sensors. Theres also a potential, untested yet, possibility to sense the temperature change in the ocean due to climate change.

Overall, the ability to sense earthquakes, tsunamis, and other factors at such close range would be very beneficial, as it provides the possibility to have more time to prepare for such events, and with preparation damage and more importantly casualties could be limited.

Sources:

https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-61506705

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo1939

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Paralysis and AI

Reading Time: 3 minutesEvery year, thousands of people around the world experience various neurological diseases like stroke and spinal cord injuries. Due to these diseases, many of them have paralysis. Such people are almost completely isolated from the social life, from any communication with doctors and relatives. That is why it is sometimes even impossible to avoid the usage of expensive equipment. There are already technologies in the world for reading thoughts and turning them into text messages at up to eight words per minute, but recently, scientists from the US state of Illinois have been able to improve this indicator. Artificial intelligence helped them greatly. 

ScienceMag introduced this technology. In their article they described the experiment in which a new technology returns the possibility of communication to the patient with the so-called tetraplegia. During the experiment, patient with implanted electrodes imagined how he would move a hand if he wrote letters. Certainly, during this process brain showed some activity, which ,as the result, was remembered by AI. Then computer was able to remember the place of the activity in the brain connected with particular letter of the alphabet and was able to display symbols alternately that patient mentally traced on the screen.  

According to the scientists, AI is able to recognize symbols with 95% accuracy. AI make several mistakes only with similar letters like «g» and «q», for example. Regardless this, now paralyzed person can text with the speed of 66 words per minute. To compare, the speed of texting of healthy person is 120 words per minute.

By the way, thoughts can be even transformed into the speech.

According to the editors of ScienceMag, researchers from Germany and the USA used some computational models based on neural networks, they reconstructed words and sentences by reading brain signals, as it was mentioned before. So the system is the same, they just observed areas of the brain at those moments when people read aloud, speak, or simply listen to notes.

During this research, they relied on data obtained from 5 people with epilepsy. The network analyzed the behavior of the auditory cortex (which is active both during speech and during listening). Then the computer reconstructed the speech data from the pulses received from these people. As a result, the algorithm coped with an accuracy of 75%.

Another team relied on the data of 6 people, that experienced the removing of brain tumor. Microphone picked up their voices when they read out loud different words. While this process, the electrodes recorded information from the speech center of the brain. Then computer compared the data from the electrodes with audio recording. Only 40% was correct as the result. 

The third team from the University of California reconstructed entire sentences based on brain activity from three patients with epilepsy who read specific sentences out loud. Some sentences were correctly identified in more than 80% of cases.

Regardless such appealing results, the system has a lot of shortcomings and is needed to be adjusted. However, it will be developed even more, so millions of people will have an opportunity to text and to speak once again.

References:

  1. https://hi-news.ru/research-development/najden-sposob-prevrashhat-mysli-v-ustnuyu-rech-govorit-dlya-etogo-ne-obyazatelno.html
  2. https://hi-news.ru/technology/iskusstvennyj-intellekt-pomogaet-paralizovannym-lyudyam-pisat-ot-ruki-pri-pomoshhi-mysli.html
  3. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/10/ai-allows-paralyzed-person-handwrite-his-mind 
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